The shift of India’s military transformation from concept to structure is underway. The first Integrated Battle Groups (IBGs) are now operational, theatreisation proposals are in final government discussions, and 2026 is being pushed as the Year of Networking and Data Centricity, so what seemed like a series of separate enhancements looks now like a unified redesign. Theatreisation, IBGs, Rudra Brigades, Bhairav and Baaz Battalions and longer-range precision systems are all significant changes to the way the force commands, packages combat power, and turns information into effect.
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The state’s monopoly could not achieve Indian space aspirations, so the government expanded space for private companies. The entire space value chain was opened to private players in 2020 by establishing the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe). It acts as a bridge between ISRO and private space companies. Furthermore, it authorizes private satellite builds, launches, and space-based applications. It also facilitates the sharing of government-controlled space facilities.
The Triangle of Power: Rebalancing the New World Order is one of the earliest attempts by a sitting head of…
Debate continues over whether China is willing to supply Pakistan with its fifth-generation J-35 stealth fighter. Skeptics contend that Beijing is unlikely to export one of its most advanced combat aircraft while the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) is still expanding its own fleet.
On Aug 7, Pakistan, Turkiye, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) signed a mutual defense agreement, committing the three nations to treat “an armed attack against one as an attack against all”. The significance of the Mecca defense pact can be gauged from the fact that this trilateral defense pact brings together a leading oil-exporting nation- KSA- NATO’s second-largest army-Ankara, and the only Muslim nuclear-armed state- Pakistan, spanning the three countries across the Middle East, South Asia, and Europe.
For most of the Space Age, orbit was the exclusive province of superpowers, the US and USSR, during the Cold War era. Now, it has become a marketplace with many commercial actors. “Third Space Age” is characterized by the commercialization of space after the invention of reusable rockets and mega-constellations.
The decision by India to place the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) in abeyance has transformed the treaty from a water-sharing agreement into a test of strategic stability in South Asia. The treaty, once seen as a technical document to deal with the management of shared rivers, is now more influenced by geopolitical rivalry, loss of political trust, and growing securitisation of water.
Space technologies are being used as an important tool to tackle climate crises in the pre- and post-disaster management phases. This paper investigates the potential impact of Pakistan’s space programme renaissance on increasing national climate resilience.
International Nuclear Order is largely defined as the covenant of international treaties, governing institutions and other legal frameworks associated with nuclear technology regulation. However, what sustains it goes beyond the legally binding instruments to state behavior and shared norms.
On 22n July, the Trump administration announced it would sign a civil nuclear deal with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, allowing the export of nuclear technology to Riyadh. However, According to While House ,the deal, called a 123 agreement, is centred on ratification of the Abraham Accords.
