The agreement provides the legal basis for broad U.S.-Saudi cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy. It also strengthens the position of American companies competing for Saudi Arabia’s planned nuclear power program while limiting the space available to other suppliers who compete with the U.S.
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The growing integration of dual-use technologies, anti-satellite (ASAT) capabilities, and space-based defense systems has undermined the civilian-military distinction, exposing critical shortcomings in the existing legal architecture, particularly the 1967 Outer Space Treaty (OST).
The institutional foundation of India’s missile programme was laid with the establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) in 1958 and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969.
The Indian Army has announced the operationalization of first-batch of long-overdue Integrated Battle Groups (IBGs), the idea for which was first conceived in 2004, under the aegis of the limited-war doctrine known as the Cold Start Doctrine.
The Indian nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) program has come a long way since the commissioning of INS Arihant in 2016. This brings a few key questions into the spotlight: Will India pursue a continuous at-sea deterrence (CASD) or follow the Russian-originated Bastion strategy?
France has not declared that it will keep nuclear weapons in friendly countries permanently, and retains sole right over any such decision. The discussions, planning and exercises will involve partner countries, with France indicating that security in Europe is becoming increasingly linked with security of France.
Beyond expanding its nuclear arsenal, India is investing in a range of advanced strategic capabilities. Recent advancements include testing of Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology, further development of longer-range ballistic missiles, an increase in Indian nuclear submarines, rail-based nuclear weapon testing, and deployment of long-range sea-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM).
Bangladesh’s trade with China surged to about $24 billion in 2023, surpassing its trade volume with India, which stood at $18 billion. China’s extensive infrastructure investments in Bangladesh, including the Padma Bridge, Dhaka Metro Rail, and the Karnaphuli Tunnel, have significantly improved trade efficiency and strengthened Bangladesh’s position as a regional economic hub.
The most immediate loss of failed missions is financial. The destruction of EOS-N1, along with 15 payloads, resulted in the loss of significant financial investment. The estimated loss of PSLV-C61 is ₹450-500 crore, and PSLV-C62/EOS-N1 and payloads are 650-750 crore.
The US Department of War has decided to rename the US Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM) to its previous designation, the US Pacific…
