Browsing: Shahwana Binte Sohail

In evolving warfare, quantitative numbers do not provide an effective measurement of a country’s capabilities. The real metric is how well these capacities are linked and aligned across domains. India is slowly adapting to this reality, as its recent developments in defence are more focused on network-centric operations, such as surveillance, air defence, unmanned systems, electronic warfare and command-and-control architecture.

The 18th BRICS Summit to be held in New Delhi on 12-13 September is a challenging time for the grouping. BRICS used to be mainly about economic cooperation but has now expanded to also include political coordination and global governance. Its expansion has increased its global weight while deepening geopolitical divisions. The Iran-Israel-US clash has brought the cleavages to the fore, challenging India’s capacity to forge consensus among the growing diversity of its members.

The decision by India to place the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) in abeyance has transformed the treaty from a water-sharing agreement into a test of strategic stability in South Asia. The treaty, once seen as a technical document to deal with the management of shared rivers, is now more influenced by geopolitical rivalry, loss of political trust, and growing securitisation of water.

Beyond expanding its nuclear arsenal, India is investing in a range of advanced strategic capabilities. Recent advancements include testing of Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology, further development of longer-range ballistic missiles, an increase in Indian nuclear submarines, rail-based nuclear weapon testing, and deployment of long-range sea-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM).