Abstract
Where previously outer space was once accessible only to a handful of states, satellite miniaturisation has opened it to new actors, including developing countries, universities, and private companies. Small satellites, built on miniaturisation technology, have shorter development timelines and lower costs than traditional, large satellites. This paper examines how satellite miniaturisation intersects with the broader dynamics of NewSpace and the democratisation of space, highlighting both opportunities and risks for Pakistan. While small satellites support diverse applications in communication, Earth observation, and scientific research, they also raise challenges related to orbital debris, dual-use functions, and dependency on foreign suppliers. These trends are especially relevant to Pakistan as its space ecosystem enters a critical phase marked by clear goals set under the National Space Policy, closer cooperation with China, and research and innovation under the National Aerospace Science and Technology Park (NASTP). Through an exploratory approach, this study evaluates how small satellites can shape Pakistan’s trajectory, and proposes policy options to balance innovation, sovereignty, and security in the evolving global space environment.
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Arooj Fatima Kazmi holds an MPhil in Strategic Studies from NDU and serves as Visiting Faculty at the Department of Public Policy, NUST S3H.
